Abstract: Investigation of the Anti-Japanese rear base ballads is a basic exploration of the literature on the Anti-Japanese rear base history. On the one hand, the evolution of historical concepts of the rear base ballads were explored, on the other hand, the urgency and necessity in collating of the historical literature on the rear base ballads and the needs of the history and times in exploitation were discussed from the perspective of the protection of historical documents. At the same time, the historical influence of the rear base ballads' political clout and artistic charm were considered, and some problems, such as music and lyrics separation, vision shield in the collection,collation and research of the rear ballads were revealed.