Abstract: The Protestant Reformation of Martin Luther has the deep influence to the western modern political philosophy,one side,it promoted the rise of personal spirit and provided the value of the formation of the freedom、equal、democracy etc. in modern meaning.On the other side,it laid the solid foundation for the formation of the modern western nation state,which promoted the national church and advocated the realization of the national state actively.Many thoughts in the Protestant Reformation affecu the key contains of the modern politics,which become the point of departure of the modern national state political theories.