Abstract: Based on five states that would be arisen in the matching of labor and capital in an economic,This paper a nalyzed the ideal matching term of capital and labor under the condition of which manufacturers are in the environment of complete competition,then analyzed influence to collocation of invesmtent factors that would come in to being because of the gap of real matching and ideal matching of capital and labor in an economic.This paper then discussed the problems that could arise in course of estmiating the value of related parameters.Finally we estmiated the values of the related parameters in virtue of Chinese data in years of 1978 to 2003,and then calculate the values of real matching and ideal matching of capital and labor during this time.Based on the above results and Chinese characters during transition time,we explained why the matching states of capital and labor have arisen.