Abstract: In the after-tax times,the grassroots organization can not intervene in the rural irrigation.In the background of government failure,the trend of private supply of rural irrigation is increasingly prominent.However,there are some inherent limits in the private supply,such as the high cost,the narrowbenefit range and difficulty of overcoming free rider problem,which means that the private mode can not finish the mission of rural irrigation supply.In order to jump out of the dilemma of rural irrigation,we badly need to re-play the irrigation supply function of grassroots organizations.This means that the state power should be pulled in to build a multi-center system in which the government dominates and the market and society can participate.