Abstract: Freedom and equality has always drawn the concern of people in the course of western ideological development.Modern western thinkers believe that once people get the freedom they get the same equal rights.It is undoubted that the founders of Marxism laid stress on freedom,but as for the relationship between freedom and equality,their opinions were totally different from those of all the old commentators in that the founders held the view that freedom is found on the base of equality,and that the free rights are invalid without the equality of material conditions.They also pointed out that the socialist society is not the natural kingdom of "freedom" and "equality" although economic exploitation and political oppression are eliminated in this society.