Abstract: Human beings and the world in which they live are but a mono-system existence,the ideal mode of which is one in which man feels free with the world and with other human beings.However,in the capitalist society,individuals feel themselves imprisoned in the desire for material possession and laborers find themselves seriously alienated as a result of the private system.So,how to change the fundamental conditions for human has become the question constituting the logical starting point of Marxism aesthetics and literary ideas.Orthodox Marxism pays attention to social practice,integrating the literary arts in its macroscopic social plan.But West Marxism,especially the Frankfurt School pays great attention to cultural critique,emphasizing the nature of literary art for upsetting and rebellion to the reality of social consciousness,thus resulting in the systematic change of Marxism theory of literature and art.