Abstract: The litigation science of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,which was in possession of litigation masters in the form of secret books,was not only an important branch of Chinese ancient law,but also the major source for the people to learn.It disseminated the litigation knowledge and litigation skills to the people and improved their litigation level.With the help of the litigation masters,the people challenged the feudal autocratic system of judicial system and arbitrary trial,which caused the great attention of the local officials and judicial departments.Because the people knew some litigation knowledge and could get help from Litigation masters,the government officials and judges had to exercise their power more carefully.