传统知识保护的自然法合理性初探——从集体人权与罗尔斯“正义论”的角度来审视

Analysis on the Jurisprudencial Legitimacy of Traditional Knowledge Protection——From the Perspective of Collective Human Rights and Rawls’s Theory of Justice

摘要: 传统知识是传统部族在漫长历史过程中精神生产和知识创新中孕育、传承而成的结晶.传统知识保护的合理性分析建立在无法与道德分离的自然法哲学基础上.从集体人权来看,通过加强对传统知识的保护,有助于推动传统部族经济、健康、生活等全面发展,从而更有效地促进其发展权等人权的实现.同时,罗尔斯"正义论"告诉我们,只有在保存、发展的同时加强对传统部族传统知识进行有力保护,推进传统知识推广、利用的利益分享机制(现行国际知识产权制度下的差别原则),才能真正做到从形式正义到实质正义的转变.

Abstract: Traditional Knowledge(TK)was invented and used by Indigenous People in a long history.The legitimacy of protection of TK is based on natural jurisprudence inseparable from morality.From the perspective of the theory of human rights,by strengthening the protection of TK,it is useful to promote overall development of Indigenous People's economy,health and lives.Moreover,it is useful to accomplish the human rights of Indigenous People.Meanwhile,Rawls's Theory of Justice tells us that,by strengthening the protection of TK besides conservation and development of TK,together with accomplishment of Access and Benefit Sharing(Differential Principle in international IP system),Formal Justice can be changed into Substantial Justice.