Abstract: The systematical and complete translation of western physics to modern China was done by the Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal.It was the outset of the modernization process of Chinese indigenous physics,too.The quality and quantity of physics books translated and published by Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal reached the top of the translated books in modern China.The content of these books,which were academic monographs based on mathematic calculation and inference,was not limited to the popular scientific knowledge.The translated books covered each branch of western physics,including the up-todate theories.