Abstract: The provincial committee and government suggest that Jiangxi province realize the objective of prospering in the middle area and building the well-off society in a comprehensive way by realizing the objectives of four phases. Many main economical factors are inseparable to population. In a certain sense, whichever phase objective is to be realized, we should, on one hand, enlarge "numerator", that is, to increase the total amount. On the other hand, we should control "denominator", that is, to control the increase of population. At present, the population situation of our province is not optimistic. The control of population is one of the difficulties for Jinagxi province to realize the objective of prospering in the middle area. To strictly control population, it is necessary to do the following two points: one is to make up the control objective of total population composed of many targets of four phases in our province; The other is to give priority to the control of population in order for our province to realize the objective of building the well-off society in a comprehensive way.