Abstract: Cultural confidence serves as the spiritual externalization of cultural subjectivity, while cultural subjectivity constitutes the fundamental basis for the generation and consolidation of cultural confidence. Within the trajectory of Chinese modernization, these two concepts exhibit a profound dialectical unity. The dialectical relationship between cultural confidence and cultural subjectivity is not only rooted in the fundamental tenets of Marxist cultural theory but also deeply embedded in the rich heritage of China’s fine traditional culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture. Furthermore, this relationship has been profoundly elucidated and contemporarily advanced within the framework of Xi Jinping’s thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for the new era. The synergistic interaction between cultural confidence and cultural subjectivity not only provides a robust theoretical foundation and practical guidance for cultural development in the new era but also consolidat a solid foundation for advancing the construction of a culturally strong socialist nation and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.