Abstract: Since its emergence, capitalism has profoundly transformed the landscape of human society. In its development process, it has created enormous productive forces, driven rapid economic growth and social transformation. However, the predatory nature of capitalism has brought numerous severe problems to human society. It has caused great damage to the natural environment and triggered ecological crises. It has brutally exploited the working class, leading to a huge gap between the rich and the poor in society, and it has carried out aggression and plunder on a global scale, exacerbating inequality and conflicts in the international community. With keen insight and in-depth theoretical analysis, Marx and Engels revealed the hidden predatory essence behind capitalism. An in-depth study of Marx and Engels’ critique of the predatory nature of capitalism holds significant contemporary enlightenment for understanding the essence of contemporary capitalism.