Abstract: The development of network technology brings both opportunities and challenges to ideological and political education in colleges and universities. Enhancing college students’ sense of gain is the key to strengthening the appeal and effectiveness of online ideological and political education. Considering the psychological activity attribute of the sense of gain and the essence of ideological and political education, this study deeply explores the composition dimensions of college students’ sense of gain in online ideological and political education, and reveals the four-stage spiral progressive generation mechanism of “scenario embedding - content adaptation - emotional resonance - value transformation”. Using the grey system theory as a research tool, this study constructs a system of influencing factors for college students’ sense of gain in online ideological and political education, covering four dimensions: content, emotion, carrier and practice. The research results show that: the sense of gain from content and practice forms a “dual-high leadership”; there is room for quality improvement in the sense of gain from emotion and carrier; and the integration degree of ideological and political education with professional education significantly affects the differences in the sense of gain.