Abstract: As the dominant ideological and value system of a specific country and society, the mainstream ideology of society has the value and function of consolidating social consensus, promoting social integration, and building a common ideological foundation in national and social governance. It leads and constructs the economic order, political order, cultural order, social order, and value order of the country. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, China faces some challenges in the construction and governance of mainstream social ideology, including the “duality” of globalization, the diversity of social ideologies, the expansionism of Western culture, and the confusion of “universal values”. The Party and the state must consider ideological work from a strategic perspective, always adhere to the guidance of Marxism, inherit and promote China’s fine traditional culture, effectively enhance the people’s sense of benefit, continuously advance theoretical innovation, and actively participate in global governance. These efforts will lay a solid ideological, theoretical, cultural, and material foundation for the development of socialist ideology and create a favorable external environment.