Abstract:
The three main characters in
Parsifal, Parsifal, Amfortas, and Kundry, embodied Wagner’s idea of Regeneration. Amfortas and Kundry respectively represented the male and the female of humanity, as well as Europe’s political and spiritual leaders on the one hand, and the grassroots, the marginalized, and the rebels of society on the other. Both characters suffered from long-lasting and intense torment of the will, both acknowledged that their suffering stems from their own guilt, and both yearned for the Christian God to grant them redemption. Their failure lied in the fact that they grasped only the surface of Christianity, without understanding its underlying ancient human wisdom. Parsifal, though ignorant of Christianity, came to comprehend this wisdom through the powerful compassion of his pure nature. He understood that the essence of the world and humanity is the blind will, that this will is the source of universal suffering, and that the only path to salvation is to free oneself from the domination of the will and to live a life of renunciation and love.
Parsifal thus presented Wagner’s proposed solution to the political and spiritual crisis facing Europe at the time.