Abstract: New quality productive forces represent the Chinese innovation and practice of Marxist productive forces theory. Its emergence takes the Marxist productive forces theory and the exploration practice of its adaption to the Chinese context as the theoretical basis, the historical evolution of the Communist Party of China’s fundamental task of releasing and developing productive forces as the space-time field, and the practical demand of advancing Chinese modernization comprehensively through high-quality development as the practical support. New quality productive forces are advanced productive forces with a rigorous internal logic, a tight content system and various rich elements. It is necessary to grasp the promotion mechanism of revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors and in-depth transformation and upgrading of industries; the basic connotation of the upgrading of laborers, means of labor, objects of labor and their optimized combination; and the core symbol of the significant improvement of total factor productivity in a holistic manner. On the new journey, we should accelerate the development of new quality productive forces in the process of constantly opening up new horizons for the leap-forward development of productive forces, comprehensively advancing the new chapter of Chinese path to modernization, and consolidating and enriching a new model for human progress.