Abstract: With the outbreak of the Cold War, the divergent stances over establishing U.S.-Soviet civil aviation air services escalated into the confrontation in the aviation sector. This ultimately led to the cessation of efforts to establish bilateral air services. With the advent of partial détente in 1953, the two powers embarked on contacts and negotiations on civil aviation, which culminated in the initialing of the bilateral civil aviation agreement in August 1961. However, the agreement was not formally signed until November 1966, with direct flights launching in July 1968. The establishment of U.S.-Soviet civil aviation air services stemmed from multifaceted reasons. At the macro-level, it resulted from the continuous improvement of the U.S.-Soviet relations, which underwent the transition from confrontation to dialogue in the period of partial and relative détente. At the meso-level, the adjustment of civil aviation policies on both sides engendered the necessary conditions for direct flights . At the micro-level, it can be attributed to the political strategies and calculations of each state. The complex history of U.S.-Soviet civil aviation air services reflects the intricate interplay of superpower relations, international civil aviation, and Cold War politics, while also mirroring the robust trend of globalization during the Cold War.