Abstract: Having endured a century of trials, the Communist Party of China (CPC) remains vigorous and robust. The key to its enduring vitality lies in its fundamental approach of self-reform. Self-reform constitutes the essential factor enabling the CPC to uphold its founding aspiration and mission, serves as a crucial instrument for preserving its advanced nature and integrity, and represents the Party’s correct choice to confronting its own problems directly. In the new era, propelled by unprecedented courage and innovative thinking, the CPC has elevated self-reform to new heights. Its practical initiatives demonstrate distinct systematic and holistic characteristics. Through self-reform, the CPC has forged itself into a highly capable and advanced Marxist ruling party fit for the new era, while successfully spearheading a great social revolution with exceptional resolve and historical initiative. The CPC’s successful practice of resolving the unique problems confronting large parties through self-reform has pioneered a new realm for Marxist party building, established a novel paradigm for political party self-governance, and contributed Chinese wisdom and solutions to political parties worldwide in addressing common challenges of self-construction.