Abstract: The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out the need to accelerate the construction of a high-quality education system and cultivate high-quality talents with comprehensive development in morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor. Internship teaching is an educational internship method that has emerged in the new situation of education development in China, and universities are the core places for high-quality talent cultivation and development. Therefore, the establishment of a collaborative mechanism and promotion path between sports internship teaching and talent cultivation plays a significant role. By elaborating on the practical significance of talent cultivation in sports majors in universities, analyzing the current situation of internship teaching for sports majors in Jiangxi province, and exploring the promotion path of building a collaborative mechanism between internship teaching and talent cultivation in universities, a comprehensive guarantee system for the collaborative mechanism is constructed from multiple dimensions such as relevant policies and incentive mechanisms of the provincial government and universities, dual mentor responsibility system, and multiple evaluation subjects and systems.