Abstract: Installing elevators in old residential areas can enhance the happiness and sense of achievement of residents, and the willingness of residents to participate is the key to whether old residential areas can smoothly install elevators. This article first uses literature research and expert interview methods to identify and optimize the influencing factors of residents’ willingness to participate in the installation of elevators in old residential areas, and constructs a system of influencing factors of residents’ willingness to participate in the installation of elevators in old residential areas. Secondly, the AHM (Attribute Hierarchical Model) is introduced to construct a hierarchical structure l of the influencing factors of residents’ willingness to participate in the installation of elevators in old residential areas. The weights of each influencing factor are calculated, and six influencing factors, including residential floors, are determined as the main influencing factors. Then, a SD (System Dynamics) model was established for the willingness of residents to participate in the installation of elevators in old residential areas, including five subsystems such as living environment. The evolution path of residents’ willingness to participate in the installation of elevators in old residential areas was clarified, and the evolution of residents’ willingness to participate in the installation of elevators in old residential areas was simulated. Through comprehensive comparative analysis, five key influencing factors were determined, including residential floors, leader capacity, resident contribution ratio, elevator usage cost, and urgency of demand. Finally, targeted suggestions were put forward to optimize the willingness of residents to participate in the installation of elevators in old residential areas.