Abstract: At the beginning of the liberation of Jiangxi, the new regime began to accept various primary schools, rectified them, and established an education system led by the Communist Party of China. By implementing the policy of opening doors to workers and peasants, primary schools in Jiangxi had recruited workers and peasants’ children on a large scale, changing the cultural situation of grassroots society. Jiangxi governments at all levels had established a primary education system with the goal of cultivating new socialist talents through reforms in textbooks, teachers, and learning contents.