张晓娴. 主体与文本:塔奇曼和萨义德的新闻建构思想比较[J]. 南昌航空大学学报(社会科学版), 2023, 25(3): 68-76. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-8574.2023.03.010
引用本文: 张晓娴. 主体与文本:塔奇曼和萨义德的新闻建构思想比较[J]. 南昌航空大学学报(社会科学版), 2023, 25(3): 68-76. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-8574.2023.03.010
Xiao-xian ZHANG. Subject and Text: A Comparison of Tuchman and Said’s Thought on News Construction[J]. JOURNAL OF NANCHANG HANGKONG UNIVERSITY(SOCLAL SCIENCES), 2023, 25(3): 68-76. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-8574.2023.03.010
Citation: Xiao-xian ZHANG. Subject and Text: A Comparison of Tuchman and Said’s Thought on News Construction[J]. JOURNAL OF NANCHANG HANGKONG UNIVERSITY(SOCLAL SCIENCES), 2023, 25(3): 68-76. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-8574.2023.03.010

主体与文本:塔奇曼和萨义德的新闻建构思想比较

Subject and Text: A Comparison of Tuchman and Said’s Thought on News Construction

  • 摘要: 在西方社会建构思潮的影响下,塔奇曼和萨义德均把新闻视为建构的产物。塔奇曼的著作《做新闻》系统阐发了新闻建构理论,成为新闻生产研究的典范;提出“东方学”概念的萨义德在后殖民主义研究领域与比较文学研究领域备受关注,但他的新闻思想却鲜有人探讨。比较二者的新闻建构观,发现塔奇曼以“主体建构观”论证新闻的建构作用,否定新闻价值层面的“真”;萨义德围绕文本讨论新闻的建构性质,生成“文本建构观”,消解了新闻事实层面与价值层面的“真”。二者在建构论的叙事范式中理解新闻,均认为:记者是被“位置”限定的主体;文本是语境化的产品;新闻运用遮蔽的权力实施建构。萨义德确证并推进了塔奇曼的新闻建构思想,创新了新闻建构理论,不仅以话语理论拓宽新闻建构论的范畴,而且提倡以知识分子的建构反击权力的建构,发挥了新闻的建构作用。

     

    Abstract: Influenced by the western social construction trend, both Tuchman and Said regarded news as the product of construction. Tuchman’s book Making News elaborated the theory of news construction and became a model for news production research; Said, who put forward the concept of “Orientalism”, has attracted much attention in the fields of postcolonialism and comparative literature studies, but his thoughts on news are seldom discussed. By comparison, it is found that Tuchman demonstrates the constructive role of news with the subjectivity of journalists and denies the “truth” of news value; Said discusses the construction nature of news around the text, generates the view of “text construction”, and dispels the “truth” of news at the level of fact and value. Both of them understand the news in the narrative paradigm of constructivism, and believe that the reporter is limited by the “position” of the journalist’s role, the text is the product of contextualization, and media use the power of covering to implement construction. Said confirmed and promoted Tuchman’s news construction thought and innovated news construction theory. He has not only broadened the scope of news construction theory with discourse theory, but also advocated intellectuals to use construction to counter the construction of power, which played the role of news construction.

     

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