Abstract: Based on the theory of basic psychological need and the theory of goal setting, the impact of the matching of training goals and three levels of basic psychology on the learning harvest of college students was discussed through the questionnaire survey method and polynomial regression and response surface analysis. The results show that when the training goal and competency (ability) need to match, the combined effect between of them has a positive impact on the learning gains of college students. When the matching of training goals and psychological needs shows differences, the impact on learning gains is different. The matching of high training goals and high relationship needs, and the matching of low training goals and low relationship need do not have an obvious impact on the learning harvest of college students. The matching of high training goals and low autonomy need, and low training goals and high autonomy need have a positive impact on the learning of college students. The above conclusions can provide theoretical guidance for objective management.