Abstract: There are few empirical studies on migrant workers’ children’s mental health from the perspective of resilience. This study explored the influence of resilience on the mental health of migrant workers’ children and the cognitive-emotional mechanism of resilience under the mediating action of positive refocusing and catastrophic thinking. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 304 migrant workers’ children and 501 urban children who are from grade 4 to grade 9 in 7 schools in Jiangxi province, which is used to compare the difference of resilience and mental health level on them. And this paper examined the relationship among resilience, positive refocusing, catastrophic thinking and mental health of migrant workers’ children through structural equation model. The results showed the following conclusions. Resilience positively affects the mental health of migrant workers’ children. Resilience has a positive impact on positive refocusing, while catastrophic thinking is negatively impacted by resilience. Positive refocusing has a positive effect on mental health, while catastrophic thinking has a negative effect on mental health. Positive refocusing and catastrophic thinking respectively play mediating roles in the impact of resilience. However, the mediating effect of catastrophic thinking is stronger than that of positive refocusing.