Abstract: The fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC central committee has released a signal about establishing a long-term and effectual mechanism to solve the problem of relative poverty, which points out the work direction in poverty alleviation area after eliminating absolute poverty. After 2020, the China’s poverty alleviation project will transform from focusing on eliminating absolute poverty to comprehensively addressing relative poverty, our experience in fighting relative poverty will also be a useful lesson for other countries, continuing to provide Chinese wisdom and solutions to the world’s poverty reduction projects. After 2020, China’s relative poverty has the characteristics of long-term, extensive and multi-dimensional with the changes of economy and society. To build a long-term and effectual mechanism to solve the relative poverty, we need to strengthen the party’s leadership, collaborate multi-subject governance mechanism, innovate the multi-dimensional dynamic mechanism, improve the continuous revenue mechanism, optimize the human capital investment mechanism, build the multiple security mechanism, perfect the order-oriented mechanism of the elements of integration, and make the China’s socialist system better in persistence, perfection and development in solving the problem of relative poverty, which promote the long-term and effectual mechanism more mature and stereotyped leading the world poverty reduction.