Abstract: The freshmen can't adjust their learning plans and learning methods in time because of the sudden change of learning environment and learning content, which leads to the phenomenon of students’learning maladjustment. A questionnaire survey was conducted base on the 1 005 junior engineering students from Nanchang Hangkong University. The conclusion is that the main correlative factors of the learning adaptability are learning goals, learning initiative, learning difficulties, teaching methods identification, and professional identity for the junior grade engineering students. Based on this conclusion, three countermeasures for improving the learning adaptability of the junior grade engineering students in universities are discussed.