Abstract: During the period of the republic of China's vocational education in Jiangxi Province is developed under semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, despite its development is very difficult, regardless of the number of vocational schools and scale, funds input, or student employment situation, is not entirely satisfactory. During the period of the republic of China, however, the development of vocational education in Jiangxi Province to a certain extent changed people's traditional ideas, also can solve the problem of part of the people's livelihood, therefore, to some extent, promoted the economic and social development of Jiangxi, for which lays an important foundation for the development of education in Jiangxi Province after liberation. However, on the other hand, the development of education in Jiangxi Province in the republic of China was limited by the historical conditions at that time and finally got bogged down in the dilemma. It has been proved that, in the background of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, professional education is as difficult to play its due role as other education.