Abstract: Translation thoughts of the ancient Rome such as Cicero's dualist approach to translation, Horace's Reader-Response theory, Quintilian's competition theory, Philo's mysterious translation thoughts, Jerome's Text Typology and his metaphor of Translation as Conquest, Augustine's Semiotic perspective and approach of reader analysis, and the two theoretic lines and three translation paradigms created at this time have had far-reaching influence on later western translation theory and practice and are still of positive reference and guiding significance today.