民营化:日本临调型改革的最大成果——以国铁公社的改革为例

Privatization:the Biggest Achievement of Japanese Temporary Administrative Investigation Reform——Taking the Japanese Three Commune's Reform as an Example

摘要: 临时行政调查会在推动战后日本的行政改革中扮演了重要角色。20世纪80年代日本临调型改革的最大成果，主要体现在以日本国有铁路公社为代表的三公社的民营化上。通过将行政改革与财政再建结合起来，临时行政调查会扩大了它在各政策领域进行重新检讨的政府整体改革的作用，具体表现为咨询机构的作用、调整多个相关部门利害关系的作用、改革助推剂的作用以及自上而下制定改革方案的作用。

Abstract: Temporary administrative investigation of Japan played an impotant role in the administrative reform of the government. The biggest outcome of the reform in 1980s was privatization,which represented by the Japanese Three Commune's privatization. Japanese temporary administrative investigation expanded its whole reform effects in all policy field by combining the administrative reform with the fiscal reconstruction. The effects reflects the functions of advisory organization, adjusting the interests of multiple relevant departments, the pushing factors of reform and designing the reform program top-down.