Abstract: Chinese pioneers selected Marxism in the period of May Fourth Movement, both lesson from the failure of saving the nation from subjugation in modern China, but also by the impact of changes on the world situation. Growing working class and its struggles also provided the class basis and practical needs for Chinese pioneers selecting Marxism. Marxism itself had the critical and constructive characteristics and it had some similarities with the Chinese traditional thought which were cultural and psychological factors of the Chinese people accepting Marxism. Through their own research and practice, Chinese pioneers finally selecting Marxism had its historical inevitability.