Abstract: Rosa Luxemburg as mainstream theorists of the second international, who in the course of struggle with various non-Marxist ideology, defend and develop Marxism so as to forming a full of its own characteristics of the theory of ideology. She based on "dialectical and historical materialism", changed the traditional view of the essence of ideology, and pointed out that it was the theory and ideology in society. She always emphasizes the dynamic role of the ideological and emphasizes revolutionary ideology critique function rely on to awaken the consciousness of the proletariat against bourgeois ideology of the penetration of the proletariat. Although in some specific issues, there are some shortcomings in Luxemburg's theory of ideology, but she is still in accordance with the theory and method of their stated the general principle of the theory of ideology. Anyway, Luxemburg's theory of ideology not only for the development of the Marxist theory of ideology and made an indelible contribution, but also provides important theoretical resources for today's construction of socialist ideology.