Abstract: There are four winners, Soyinka, Mahfouz, Gordimer and Coetzee, of the Nobel Prize for Literature in Africa. They associate African literature with the Nobel Prize for literature. The four winners lived up to their names, and there works are perfect combination of both African literature and the Nobel Prize for literature. African writers organically blend African traditional culture and modern western thoughts in the writing. They pay attention to the fate of the development of African literature, and use English or Arabic in writing. Under the influence of ideological trend of times, during the end of 20th century and the beginning of 21st century, African literature definitely coming up in the world. In the "Post-Nobel Prize Era", African literature faced new opportunities and challenges, and it had become an important problem to promote the rapid development of the African literature.