Abstract: Historical materialism and theory of surplus value are two major theory contributions of Karl Marx. "Consciousness about history" is an important starting point of his historical materialism, it's the prior dimension of Marx's construction about the historical theory. Interpreting Marx's historical materialism with a phenomenological way can clarify the main contents of "consciousness about history" of Marx and also provide a new perspective for interpretation of historical materialism. All this has important significance to understand Marx's theory of history and the development of China.