The Japanese Recognition about the Western Countries in the late Shogunate Times：from the Perspective of Opening-up

The Japanese political thought in the late shogunate times was dominated by closed-door idea and opening-up idea. Combined with the thought of respect to the king, it was embodied in the thought of respect to the king and resistance against foreign countries and the thought of overthrowing the shogunate and advocating the opening-up. People who held the opening-up idea realized the western science in the recent times and regarded it as the advantage and absorbed and utilized it. Such view was the expedient measure to resisting other countries by borrowing their advantages. It was the policy of big resistance against foreign countries.