Research on Cascading Failure and Recovery of Complex Networks Based on Time Delay

To study the cascading failure and recovery problem of complex networks based on time delay, a time delay based cascading failure model is constructed. The model takes into account the loss characteristics of load propagation in the process of cascading failure and the influence of load redundancy of neighbor nodes on time delay, and clearly defines two concepts of node failure time delay and load propagation loss. At the same time, a fast recovery strategy synchronized with the failed process is proposed to improve the network's resilience and robustness. Simulation studies are conducted on four different typical networks: BA scale-free network, WS small-world network, ER random network and NC the nearest neighbor coupled network. The results show that load propagation loss can effectively delay the cascading failure process of the network, while fast recovery strategies can effectively prevent the network from collapsing. In addition, with the increase of load propagation loss parameters and tolerance coefficients, the recovery ability and robustness of the network during the recovery process are enhanced. These findings can provide important theoretical basis and practical guidance for understanding and controlling cascading fault phenomena in actual infrastructure networks.