Abstract: On the basis of summarizing and studying existing methods of fire potential quantification and the characters of public buildings,this paper classifies and counts the building fire design complexion of conflagration in China during 2001~2006,which provides a public building major fire potential evaluation index system.It combines the statistics with experts' comments.The index weight can be calculated by AHP and group decision-making.According to the evaluation index system and index weight,a public building major fire potential score sheet can be developed.10 public buildings in Jiangxi province are set as examples to discuss and verify this method.