Abstract: To address the increasingly severe energy supply situation and worsening environmental pollution challenges, countries worldwide are accelerating popularization of electric vehicles. The main power source of electric vehicles is lithium-ion batteries, whose safety performance, cycle life, and usage costs heavily depend on battery thermal management technology. To promote the development of thermal management technology for electric vehicle batteries, the domestic and foreign research status of battery thermal management technology are analyzed, three major categories of battery thermal management technologies—active, passive, and coupled are summaried, and the advantages and limitations of air cooling and liquid cooling in active management, heat pipe cooling, phase change material cooling in passive management, and three different types of coupled cooling in coupled management are discussed in this paper. Finally, future research directions of thermal management technology for electric vehicle batteries are discussed.