Abstract: With the development of electric aircraft, the application potential of ducted propellers has become increasingly prominent. To further improve the aerodynamic efficiency of ducted propellers, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the aerodynamic characteristics of ducted propellers under axial flow conditions using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods based on the Navier-Stokes equations, while also investigating their flow characteristics. First, a numerical simulation method applicable to ducted propeller analysis is established and validated with test cases to ensure its accuracy. Subsequently, based on this method, the influence of different geometric parameters on the aerodynamic efficiency of the ducted propeller is analyzed. Finally, with the goal of increasing the thrust of the ducted propeller, an orthogonal experimental method is employed to derive an optimized set of geometric parameters. The results show that, under the simulation conditions of this study, the parameter combination obtained through the orthogonal experimental method increases the total thrust by 6.94% compared to the initial configuration.