Abstract: “Material Analysis Technology” is a compulsory basic course for the majors of materials science and engineering. It has the characteristics of strong theory, abstractness and practice. Accordingly, the importance of this course is introduced here, and the five problems in the teaching process are summarized, such as abstract and elusive theory teaching, outdated teaching content, lack of opportunities for students to practice, single teaching method and unscientific assessment method. The innovation and entrepreneurship education is an important measure to promote the comprehensive reform of higher education. Taking this as an opportunity, teaching reform and practice are carried out to solve the problems existing in the teaching of material analysis technique. The teaching reform has been carried out through the ways of changing the teaching concept, optimizing the teaching content, adopting multi-mode teaching, introducing virtual simulation experiment, guiding students to participate in extracurricular innovative practice activities and adopting diversified testing and assessment. In practic, the teaching reform can complete the course teaching objectives well, cultivate students’ innovative thinking ability and improve their practical ability, which lays a solid foundation for students’ follow-up scientific research such as graduation design and postgraduate study.