Abstract: Scholars at home and abroad have gained a preliminary understanding of the seismogenic structural environment and source rupture propagation mode of the “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake, but the occurrence and impact of the super-shear rupture phenomenon in the earthquake still need to be studied in depth. In this work, with the surface displacements of the survey points obtained by the corrected acceleration time history integration and the displacement data obtained by GPS, the horizontal and vertical coseismic displacement fields of the Wenchuan earthquake in the area of 102 ° ~106 °N and 30 ° −33 °E are obtained. The slip distribution form of the seismogenic fault is obtained from the coseismic displacement inversion. And the coseismic displacement field and fault slip distribution show that the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault zone has developed from the rupture front section with obvious thrust properties through the Gaochuan region to the rear section with right-lateral strike-slip characteristics. The finite element software was used to simulate the rupture propagation process and surface displacement of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault zone from sub-shear rupture to super-shear rupture, and the influence of the medium properties in Gaochuan zone on the super-shear rupture process was discussed. The results show that the sandstone medium in the Gaochuan terrace promotes the generation of super-shear fracture. The fracture propagates in Beichuan area at a super-shear wave velocity after passing through the Gaochuan region, which makes the vibration acceleration and displacement of each particle on the surface larger than other areas. Consequently, more serious earthquake damage is aroused in the area.