Abstract: In order to accumulate basic habitat data of Magnolia sinostellata and Magnolia cylindrica, and protect two kinds of rare Magnolia plant, soil samples were collected. One soil sample in Baiyun Mountain was collected in the depth of 0~20 cm at different attitudes of 500, 750, 950 and 1 100 m in turn which represented the habitant of Magnolia sinostellata. The other soil sample in Wuyi Mountain was collected in the depth of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm at the attitude of 1 800 m represented the habitant of Magnolia cylindrica. The two kinds of soil samples analysis results showed that the soil pH was from 4.50 to 5.72. The contents of organic matter and available nitrogen were abundant, but the contents of available phosphorus were on the contrary. The contents of organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil of Magnolia sinostellata were 28.51~35.03 g/kg, 218.50~275.97 mg/kg,0.47~2.41 mg/kg. The average value of the physicochemical index is as much as 1.29 times, 1.46 times and 2.54 times of Magnolia cylindrica soil respectively. In addition, the soil urease activity can express the nutrient index in the test soil.