Abstract: Failure analysis is not merely a qualitative analysis of failure mode and cause, but it should determine the quantitative information such as the stress leading to failure, the time of crack formation, and the forming sequence of multiple cracks. After decades of theoretical model research, experimental research, and engineering application verification research, the quantitative analysis technology for fatigue fracture surfaces has played a significant role in failure analysis and prevention, design, and material and process improvement. In the present work, the key research points of quantitative analysis of fatigue fracture surfaces at home and abroad were analyzed and compared, including the current research status of quantitative analysis of fatigue life and stress in different crack propagation stages. Then the main existing problems were discussed, and the stage characteristics of fatigue crack damage evolution were put forward. Finally, the key points that need to be focused on to ensure the reliability of quantitative analysis of fatigue fracture surfaces were pointed out, and the new demands and development trends of quantitative analysis technology of fatigue fracture surfaces were presented.