Abstract: To improve the accuracy of rail damage analysis and judgment, the digital rail flaw detection playback software is introduced, then the corresponding ultrasonic B-display feature map of 60 kg/m rail joints and welds under the correct stitching is discussed, and the typical rail damage B-display images are analyzed and summarized. The research results show that through the analysis of the characteristic map of the rail ultrasonic B-display and the typical damage B-display of the rail, the accuracy of the rail damage analysis and judgment can be effectively improved, and the missed inspection of the damage can be reduced as well. Among the typical damages, the B-display image of fish scales on the rail surface show primary or secondary reflections. And the bolt hole cracks which have a tilt angle are difficult to be found in the early stage of rail flaw detection. Crossing waveforms at the welds rail head and welds rail bottom indicate the abnormal welds there. For the horizontal cracks on the rail waist of the weld, the measures of knob removing and grinding can effectively avoid its sudden fracture. This work provides an important reference for the analysis of typical damage of rail ultrasonic inspection.