Abstract: A fatigue analysis method based on frequency domain method was proposed for the brake calipers of rail transit vehicles under random vibration. First, the power spectral density (PSD) curves of stress at key positions were obtained by modal analysis and random response analysis. Then, the probability density function (PDF) of stress amplitude and the fatigue cumulative damage were calculated by Rayleigh model, Dirlik model and Steinberg model, respectively. Finally, an accelerated failure test was carried out to compare the prediction results of the three models mentioned above. The results show that the proposed frequency-domain method provides a reliable prediction for the fatigue failure of the brake calipers, and Dirlik model and Steinberg model can provide more accurate results than Rayleigh model.