中子无损表征技术及其在失效分析中的应用

Neutron Nondestructive Techniques and Applications on Failure Analysis

摘要: 材料或部件在加工及服役过程中产生的残余应力、缺陷、织构和纳米析出相，成为影响服役性能及使用安全的重要因素。由于中子具有对特定材料深穿透性强、对较轻元素及同位素敏感的特性，使其成为无损表征的重要手段。通过列举中子散射及中子成像技术在材料及部件内部的残余应力、织构、纳米析出相和缺陷的典型应用示例，证明中子无损表征技术在材料失效分析中具有独特的优势，是改善加工工艺及延长服役寿命的重要支撑手段。

Abstract: The residual stress, defect, texture and nano-sized precipitate of materials and components produced in the processing and service, are crucial for service performance and safety utilization. Neutron is an important nondestructive characterization technique due to its strong penetration to specific materials and sensitivity to light elements and isotopes. In this paper, the typical applications of neutron scattering and neutron imaging technique in residual stress, texture, nano-sized precipitation and defects characterization in materials and components are presented. It is proved that neutron nondestructive characterization technique has unique advantages in material failure analysis and it is an important means to improve processing technology and extend service life.