Abstract: Fractal theory is introduced by describing the importance of quantitative research on material fractures. Firstly, the fractal theory is introduced from three aspects:fractal definition, fractal feature graph and fractal calculation principle. Secondly, three basic methods for measuring fractal dimensions and their improvementare introduced. Three methods are island method, vertical section method and box-counting dimension. Finally, the possible variables in fractal experiment are briefly analyzed. In this paper, the box-counting dimension method is given priority to in the measurement of fractal dimension experiment, and the experimental variables such as fracture parameters, shooting scheme and shooting data processing method needtobe controlled before fractal experiment.